The popularity of Network-Attached Storage (NAS) systems has fuelled a surge in demand for large capacity hard disk drives. This interest led Western Digital to create the WD Red NAS-optimised family of hard disk drives. Today, we are going to look at the first helium-filled WD Red model – the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) NAS drive!
The WD Red Family
The WD Red family of NAS-optimised hard disk drives, with storage capacities from 750 GB all the way to 10 TB. Here is a specification comparison of the five key models:
| Specifications | 10TB WD Red | 8TB WD Red | 6TB WD Red | 5TB WD Red | 4TB WD Red |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | WD100EFAX | WD80EFZX | WD60EFRX | WD50EFRX | WD40EFRX |
| HelioSeal Technology | Yes | No | No | No | No |
| Advanced Format Technology | Yes (512-byte emulation) | Yes (512-byte emulation) | Yes (512-byte emulation) | Yes (512-byte emulation) | Yes (512-byte emulation) |
| Spindle Speed | 5400 RPM | 5400 RPM | 5400 RPM | 5400 RPM | 5400 RPM |
| Cache | 256 MB SDRAM | 128 MB SDRAM | 64 MB SDRAM | 64 MB SDRAM | 64 MB SDRAM |
| Maximum Read / Write Speed | 210 MB/s | 178 MB/s | 175 MB/s | 150 MB/s | 147 MB/s |
| Average Read / Write Power Consumption | 5.7 W | 6.4 W | 5.3 W | 4.5 W | 4.1 W |
| Idle Power Consumption | 2.8 W | 5.2 W | 3.4 W | 3.3 W | 2.7 W |
| Acoustics (Seek / Idle) | 29 dBA / 20 dBA | 29 dBA / 20 dBA | 28 dBA / 25 dBA | 28 dBA / 25 dBA | 24 dBA / 23 dBA |
| MTBF (hours) | 1 million | 1 million | 1 million | 1 million | 1 million |
| Rated World Load (Per Year) | 180 TB | 180 TB | 180 TB | 180 TB | 180 TB |
| Warranty | 3 Years | 3 Years | 3 Years | 3 Years | 3 Years |
They all share the following common features :
- NAS Compatibility – Advanced firmware technology built into every WD Red drive, enables seamless integration, robust data protection and optimal performance for systems operating in NAS and RAID environments.
- Exclusive NASware 3.0 Technology – WD’s exclusive NASware 3.0 technology further optimizes the WD Red for the NAS environment, allowing the WD Red to support small NAS systems with up to 8 bays!
- 3D Active Balance Plus – This enhanced dual-plane balance control technology significantly improves the overall drive performance and reliability. Hard drives that are not properly balanced may cause excessive vibration and noise in a multidrive system, reduce the hard drive lifespan, and degrade the performance over time.[adrotate group=”2″]
- Enhanced Reliability – With a 35% MTBF improvement over standard desktop drives, the WD Red drive is designed and manufactured to be a more reliable and robust solution.
- Energy Efficient – Innovative technology reduces power consumption and lowers the operating temperature, resulting in a more reliable and affordable solution for always on 24×7 NAS environments.
- Premium Support – Exclusively for WD Red drive customers, a free dedicated 24/7 support line is available in English. Other regional support hours vary.
- Longer Warranty Coverage – The WD Red drive is backed by a 3-year limited warranty for greater peace of mind.
Now, let’s check out the 10TB WD Red (Lowest Price) hard disk drive!
A Quick Look At The 10TB WD Red
The 10TB WD Red (Lowest Price) hard disk drive came in a sealed antistatic plastic pack. Notably, it lacked the usual sachet of desiccants. That’s because the drive is hermetically-sealed in the factory, and filled with helium. Also notable is their use of two gold-coloured screws to lock the PCB in place.
To remove the drive, just tear off the top or cut it open, and slide out the drive. Be sure to ground yourself before removing and handling the hard disk drive as static can damage it. In particular, you should try to avoid touching the exposed PCB located on the lower underside of the drive.
Next Page > The 10TB WD Red NAS Drive, HelioSeal, SATA 6 Gb/s
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The 10TB WD Red NAS Drive
Despite featuring a hermetically-sealed chassis, the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) drive looks deceptively like any other 3.5″ hard disk drive. In fact, it even sports the same printed label on the top plate, with an uncovered PCB on the underside.
The label has a lot of important information, like the hard disk drive model, storage capacity as well as its date and place of manufacture. This particular drive was manufactured in Thailand on the 1st of April, 2017. You can also see that the drive uses the Advanced Format Technology to achieve its high storage density.
HelioSeal Technology
The 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) NAS-optimised drive is one of the few hard disk drives in the market to feature the revolutionary HGST HelioSeal technology. It is hermetically sealed at the factory, and filled with helium.
Instead of a breather hole that is present in all “air-filled” hard disk drives, it has two sealed ports that are used to extract air from inside the chassis, and replacing it with helium.
Because helium is only 1/7th the density of “regular air”, it allows for less friction conferring the following benefits :
[adrotate group=”2″]- The lower friction reduces the amount of power required to spin the platters, reducing both energy costs and thermal output.
- Internal turbulence is greatly reduced, which makes tracking more precise and reliable. This indirectly allows for greater areal density.
- The lower power requirement and internal turbulence allow more platters and heads to be added in the same volume of space.
- The completely sealed environment eliminates reliability issues that can occur if breather filters get clogged up with dirt.
The only things stopping helium-filled drives from becoming mainstream are the relatively high cost of helium, and the difficulty in sealing the drive.
SATA 6 Gb/s
This is a Serial ATA drive, with native support for SATA 6 Gb/s. However, it is backward-compatible so you will have no problem using it with older SATA 3 Gb/s controllers.
The SATA 6 Gb/s interface is necessary for optimal performance since the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) NAS drive boasts a maximum sustained internal (platter-to-buffer) transfer rate of 210 MB/s, and a large and fast DDR3 SDRAM cache.
Like all Serial ATA drives, it comes the standard SATA data (left) and power (right) connectors and is hot-pluggable. That means you can connect and disconnect this hard disk drive to the server, computer or NAS while it’s still running.
Next Page > Under The PCB, Testing The 10TB WD Red NAS Drive
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What’s Under The PCB?
Western Digital has a penchant for keeping all surface-mounted components on the reverse side of the PCB – to prevent static damage and to allow for better cooling. The PCB is protected by a thin foam cutout on the chassis side, with a thermal pad to help transfer heat from the HDD controller to the hard disk drive chassis.
Unfortunately, we can’t make out the hard disk drive controller Western Digital used, but we can see that it uses the ST Microelectronics L7232 motor drive controller, which features their proprietary Smooth Drive pseudo-sinusoidal digital drive technology.
The 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) NAS drive boasts a large 256 MB SDRAM cache, courtesy of an EtronTech EM6GD16EWXC-12H chip. This is a DDR3-1600 SDRAM chip with 8 memory banks and timings of 11-11-11. This gives it a peak transfer rate of 400 MB/s.
Finally, the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) NAS drive has two shock sensors that allow it to better detect shock and vibration events, and dynamically adjust the flying height of the read/write heads to avoid head crashes.
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Testing The 10TB WD Red NAS Drive
| Processors | Intel Core i7-2600K |
| Motherboard | Intel DP67BG |
| Memory | Four Kingmax 2 GB DDR3-1333 modules |
| Graphics Card | NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 |
| Hard Disk Drives | 10 TB Western Digital Red 8 TB Western Digital Gold 6 TB Western Digital Black 6 TB Western Digital Red 6 TB Western Digital Green 4 TB Western Digital Red Pro 4 TB Western Digital Re 4 TB Western Digital Black Gen. 2 4 TB Western Digital Red 3 TB Western Digital Red |
| Operating System | Microsoft Windows 7 64-bit Microsoft Windows Vista 32-bit |
Testing Methodology
Next Page > Usable Capacity, Platter Profile, Operating Temperature
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Usable Capacity
The 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) NAS drive has an official formatted capacity of 10 terabytes. We checked that out by formatting it in NTFS using Microsoft Windows 7.
The actual formatted capacity was 10,000,695,029,760 bytes, which is about 695 MB higher than the official storage capacity. With about 494 MB allocated to the NTFS file system, the actual usable capacity was slightly above 10 TB.
Platter Profile
The platter profile of the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) NAS drive was pretty good. There appeared to be some use of replacement sectors, but nothing particularly significant.
We also compared its platter profile to that of the 6TB WD Red, which was the last WD Red drive we reviewed. We can see right away that the 10TB WD Red uses higher density platters, which gave it a very high throughput.
In fact, the outermost tracks of the 6TB WD Red only equalised the 10TB WD Red at the 6.5 TB point. Even at its slowest tracks, the 10TB WD Red was as fast as the 6TB WD Red at its 5 GB point.
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Maximum Surface Temperature
We monitored the surface temperature of seven hard disk drives during their benchmarks. The following chart shows their operating temperature range, from idle to maximum load. Please note that instead of giving you the absolute numbers, we are showing the temperature delta, which is the difference between the actual temperature and the ambient room temperature.
Despite packing 2 additional platters than the 6TB WD Black, the 10TB WD Red drive was significantly cooler at full load. It ran a little warmer than the 8TB WD Gold – another helium-filled drive, but was cooler at idle.
This reduced thermal output (and power consumption) is a key advantage of helium-filled hard disk drives like the 10TB WD Red drive. When used in large NAS systems with up to 8 drives running non-stop, the lower energy costs of running them, and keeping them cool, will be very significant.
Next Page > Transfer Rate Range, WinBench Results
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Transfer Rate Range
This chart shows you the range of platter-to-buffer transfer rates from the innermost track to the outermost track. In other words, it shows you the range of disk transfer rates of the hard disk drives (from minimum to maximum).
The 10TB WD Red NAS drive has an official peak throughput of 210 MB/s, which was confirmed by our tests. In fact, it actually peaked at 217 MB/s. While it was still slightly slower than the 6TB WD Black, that puts it ahead of most of its competitors.
Both the 8TB WD Gold and the 10TB WD Red have 7 platters. The 10TB WD Red use higher density 1.43 GB platters to compensate for the 8TB WD Gold‘s higher 7200 RPM spindle speed. This proves yet again that HDD performance is not always about the spindle speed… 😉
Business Disk WinBench 99
Even though it’s not optimised for desktop applications, the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) NAS drive did very well in this benchmark, coming in faster than even the 6TB WD Black.
| Hard Disk Drive Model | Capacity | Business Disk WinMark 99 |
Difference | Useful Links | |
| Western Digital Red | 10 TB | 32.5 MB/s | Baseline | – | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Black | 6 TB | 26.1 MB/s | – 19.7% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Green | 6 TB | 25.6 MB/s | – 21.2% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Black | 4 TB | 24.0 MB/s | – 26.2% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Red Pro | 4 TB | 23.4 MB/s | – 28.0% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Gold | 8 TB | 23.3 MB/s | – 28.3% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Re | 4 TB | 20.4 MB/s | – 37.2% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Red | 6 TB | 19.4 MB/s | – 40.3% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Red | 4 TB | 17.5 MB/s | – 46.2% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Red | 3 TB | 16.1 MB/s | – 50.5% | Review | Lowest $ |
High-End Disk WinBench 99
The 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) NAS drive was top in this benchmark too, edging out the very fast 6TB WD Black.
| Hard Disk Drive Model | Capacity | High-End Disk WinMark 99 |
Difference | Useful Links | |
| Western Digital Red | 10 TB | 150 MB/s | Baseline | – | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Black | 6 TB | 143 MB/s | – 4.7% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Green | 6 TB | 140 MB/s | – 6.7% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Black | 4 TB | 138 MB/s | – 8.0% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Red Pro | 4 TB | 137 MB/s | – 8.7% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Gold | 8 TB | 133 MB/s | – 11.3% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Re | 4 TB | 121 MB/s | – 19.3% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Red | 6 TB | 121 MB/s | – 19.3% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Red | 4 TB | 118 MB/s | – 21.3% | Review | Lowest $ |
| Western Digital Red | 3 TB | 107 MB/s | – 24.0% | Review | Lowest $ |
Next Page > IO Meter (Random Access) Performance
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IO Meter (Random Access)
We compared the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) NAS drive to the 6TB WD Red. For more performance comparisons, please take a look at The Hard Disk Drive Performance Comparison Guide.
Random Throughput
The small random reads and writes are the most important tests for applications that make a lot of random accesses, so those would be key performance indicators for drives that are used as boot or system drives, but not very important for NAS systems.
With the exception of small reads, the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) was far superior than the 6TB WD Red in all other aspects. Most impressively, it was 3X faster at small writes, most likely due to its large, fast cache.
| Test | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 512 KB Read | 27.92 MB/s | 18.70 MB/s | + 49.3% |
| 512 KB Write | 31.65 MB/s | 20.81 MB/s | + 52.1% |
| 4 KB Read | 0.27 MB/s | 0.26 MB/s | + 3.8% |
| 4 KB Write | 0.76 MB/s | 0.24 MB/s | + 216.7% |
Random Access Time
| Test | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 512 KB Read | 18.78 ms | 28.04 ms | – 33.0% |
| 512 KB Write | 16.56 ms | 25.19 ms | – 34.2% |
| 4 KB Read | 15.24 ms | 15.81 ms | – 3.6% |
| 4 KB Write | 5.36 ms | 17.29 ms | – 69.0% |
The access times dropped significantly across the board. The small decrease in the 4KB read access time is more than compensated by the incredibly large decrease in the 4KB write access time.
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Random CPU Utilisation
| Test | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 512 KB Read | 28.79 % | 0.41 % | + 6922% |
| 512 KB Write | 29.07 % | 0.44 % | + 6507% |
| 4 KB Read | 28.83 % | 0.38 % | + 7487% |
| 4 KB Write | 28.82 % | 0.39 % | + 7290% |
We are not sure what HDD controller Western Digital used for the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) NAS drive, but they appeared to have decided to focus on performance at the expense of CPU utilisation. This is not a problem for NAS systems because they have a processor that is dedicated to such operations. Such high CPU utilisation though means the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) would not make for a very good desktop drive.
Next Page > IO Meter Sequential Access Performance
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IO Meter (Sequential Access)
We compared the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) NAS drive to the 6TB WD Red. For more performance comparisons, please take a look at The Hard Disk Drive Performance Comparison Guide.
Sequential Throughput
| Test | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 512 KB Read | 215.25 MB/s | 172.71 MB/s | + 24.6% |
| 512 KB Write | 215.45 MB/s | 173.09 MB/s | + 24.5% |
| 4 KB Read | 84.70 MB/s | 51.64 MB/s | + 64.0% |
| 4 KB Write | 71.53 MB/s | 50.09 MB/s | + 42.8% |
This is the most important test for the NAS drives because it shows their ability to read and write files sequentially. The large sequential transfer performance is particularly important since many NAS system deal with large files (larger than 512 KB in this context).
Without a doubt, the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) is much faster than the 6TB WD Red in all aspects. The biggest boost was in small sequential reads.
Sequential Access Time
| Test | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 512 KB Read | 2.43 ms | 3.03 ms | – 19.8% |
| 512 KB Write | 2.43 ms | 3.03 ms | – 19.7% |
| 4 KB Read | 0.05 ms | 0.08 ms | – 39.2% |
| 4 KB Write | 0.06 ms | 0.08 ms | – 30.0% |
Sequential CPU Utilisation
| Test | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 512 KB Read | 29.84 % | 0.96 % | + 3008% |
| 512 KB Write | 29.49 % | 1.14 % | + 2487% |
| 4 KB Read | 35.77 % | 8.52 % | + 319.8% |
| 4 KB Write | 35.17 % | 9.15 % | + 284.4% |
Even in sequential accesses, the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) took up an excessive amount of CPU utilisation. Again, this is not a problem for NAS systems, but will be an issue for those who choose to use this drive in their desktop systems.
Next Page > IOPS Scaling (Random) Performance
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IOPS Scaling (Random)
We tested the drive’s ability to tackle multiple input/output operations, comparing the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) to the 6TB WD Red. For more performance comparisons, please take a look at The Hard Disk Drive Performance Comparison Guide.
Although we don’t know what hard disk drive controller used in the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX), we can see that it is significantly faster than the Marvell 88i1047-NDB2 controller used in the 6TB WD Red. Its performance was particularly impressive in the 4 KB random write test.
4 KB Random Read
| Outstanding I/Os | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 1 | 66 IOPS | 63 IOPS | + 3.7% |
| 8 | 112 IOPS | 98 IOPS | + 14.1% |
| 32 | 142 IOPS | 136 IOPS | + 3.7% |
4 KB Random Write
| Outstanding I/Os | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 1 | 186 IOPS | 58 IOPS | + 222.3% |
| 8 | 192 IOPS | 58 IOPS | + 228.7% |
| 32 | 186 IOPS | 57 IOPS | + 224.2% |
512 KB Random Read
| Outstanding I/Os | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 1 | 53 IOPS | 36 IOPS | + 49.3% |
| 8 | 72 IOPS | 37 IOPS | + 96.2% |
| 32 | 76 IOPS | 47 IOPS | + 61.4% |
512 KB Random Write
| Outstanding I/Os | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 1 | 59 IOPS | 40 IOPS | + 52.1% |
| 8 | 57 IOPS | 40 IOPS | + 43.6% |
| 32 | 60 IOPS | 40 IOPS | + 47.5% |
Next Page > IOPS Scaling (Sequential) Performance
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IOPS Scaling (Sequential)
We tested the drive’s ability to tackle multiple input/output operations, comparing the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) to the 6TB WD Red. For more performance comparisons, please take a look at The Hard Disk Drive Performance Comparison Guide.
The 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) was much faster than the 6TB WD Red in all aspects. Its performance was particularly impressive in the 4 KB sequential read test.
4 KB Sequential Read
| Outstanding I/Os | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 1 | 20,680 IOPS | 12,608 IOPS | + 64.0% |
| 8 | 52,847 IOPS | 37,207 IOPS | + 42.0% |
| 32 | 52,441 IOPS | 36,793 IOPS | + 42.5% |
4 KB Sequential Write
| Outstanding I/Os | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 1 | 17,463 IOPS | 12,228 IOPS | + 42.8% |
| 8 | 46,286 IOPS | 38,668 IOPS | + 19.7% |
| 32 | 46,609 IOPS | 38,560 IOPS | + 20.9% |
512 KB Sequential Read
| Outstanding I/Os | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 1 | 411 IOPS | 329 IOPS | + 24.6% |
| 8 | 411 IOPS | 329 IOPS | + 24.8% |
| 32 | 414 IOPS | 329 IOPS | + 25.5% |
512 KB Sequential Write
| Outstanding I/Os | WD Red (10 TB) |
WD Red (6 TB) |
Difference |
| 1 | 411 IOPS | 330 IOPS | + 24.5% |
| 8 | 412 IOPS | 331 IOPS | + 24.5% |
| 32 | 411 IOPS | 330 IOPS | + 24.6% |
Next Page > Our Verdict & Award, Full Specifications
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Our Verdict & Award
This is our second review of a helium-filled hard disk drive (after the 8TB WD Gold), and we continue to be impressed. Even from its specifications alone, we can already see a significant reduction in power consumption and noise levels. These are not minor either.
The 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) boasts 11% lower power consumption than the air-filled WD Red models at peak loads, and an astounding 46% lower power consumption during idle! It accomplished this despite packing 2-4 more platters than the other WD Red drives.
The platters of the 10TB WD Red (WD100EFAX) still spin at a relatively sedate 5400 RPM, but they have a very high areal density, boasting a storage capacity of 1.43 GB per platter. This high areal density gave it a very high throughput, allowing it to beat even the 8TB WD Gold, which has a spindle speed of 7200 RPM.
Our benchmarks show that it is one of the fastest hard disk drives in the market, beating even high-performance drives like the 6TB WD Black. This is very impressive performance for a 5400 RPM drive that is optimised for NAS systems.
The downside though is its high CPU utilisation. This is not a problem if you intend to use it in a relatively new NAS system, but it may be a problem if you pack more than two of them in an old NAS system with a slow processor. The high CPU utilisation will also be an issue if you intend to use this drive in your desktop PC.
Despite the high CPU utilisation, its stellar performance deserves our Reviewer’s Choice Award. Congratulations, Western Digital!
The 10TB WD Red Specifications
| Specifications | 10 TB WD Red NAS Hard Disk Drive |
|---|---|
| Model | WD100EFAX |
| Form Factor | 3.5 inch |
| Platter And Head Count | 7 Platters with 14 Read/Write Heads |
| Advanced Format Technology | Yes (512-byte emulation) |
| Formatted Capacity | 10 TB |
| Native Command Queuing | Yes |
| Interface | SATA 6 Gb/s |
| Spindle Speed | 5400 RPM |
| Sustained read / write performance | 210 MB/s (maximum) |
| Cache | 256 MB DDR3-1600 SDRAM |
| Average Power Consumption | Read / Write : 5.7 W Idle : 2.8 W |
| Temperature Rating | 0 to 65 °C (Operating) -40 to 70 °C (Non-Operating) |
| Shock Rating | Operating : 65 G (half-sine wave, 2 ms) Non-Operating : 250 G (half-sine wave, 2 ms) |
| Acoustics | Seek : 29 dBA (average) Idle : 20 dBA |
| Load / Unload Cycles | 600,000 |
| Non-Recoverable Read Errors per Bits Read | <1 in 1014 |
| MTBF (Maximum Time Before Failure) | 1,000,000 hours |
| Rated Workload (Per Year) | 180 TB |
| Warranty | 3 Years |
| Physical Dimensions | 101.6 mm (4.0") wide x 147.0 mm (5.787") long x 26.1 mm (1.028") high |
| Weight | 650 g (1.43 lbs) |
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